bentonite alum coagulation

typical reagents. Reading time: 50 minutes. Coagulation and flocculation reagents are simple or polymerised mineral salts, and organic, natural or artificial polymers. Tables in ain reagents used in water treatment and ain reagents used in water treatment summarise the properties of the commercially available forms of the different reagents.

COAGULANT AIDS . Coagulant aids are chemicals which are added to water during coagulation to: 1) Improve coagulation; 2) Build a stronger, more settleable floc; 3) Overcome slow floc formation in cold water; 4) Reduce the amount of coagulant required; 5) Reduce the amount of sludge produced. The key reason coagulant aids are used is to reduce the amount of alum used, which, in turn, decreases ...

Coagulation of bentonite suspension by polyelectrolytes or ferric chloride: Floc breakage and reformation. Download. Related Papers. Coagulation and ultrafiltration: Understanding of the key parameters of the hybrid process. By E. Barbot. A review of floc strength and breakage.

For this purpose, the influence of pH, coagulant dosage, coagulant aids (kaolinite and bentonite), and initial dye concentration on dye removal efficiency were examined. According to the results, removal of AB292 was absolutely dependent on the pH variations. The maximum dye removal occurred when pH was 7 and 5 for PAC and alum, respectively.

The coagulation activity of Combination of Chitosan and Bentonite as Coagulant Agents in Dissolved Air Flotation conducted by Mohd Remy Rozainy et al. (2014) was studied; the principal factors affecting coagulation are optimal coagulant dosage, mixing time, pH and mixture ratio of primary coagulant, and coagulant aid in the treatment of raw ...

Mar 22, 2015· Bentonite is characterized by the large specific surface, good adsorption, ion exchange ability, and nontoxicity. An enhanced bentonite base composite flocculant (BTA) can be prepared from treating the calcium base bentonite and compositing various functional additives. Bentonite was firstly treated by citric acid, then the talc and activated carbon turned to be acid part and simultaneously ...

Bentonite Clay. The many uses of Bentonite Clay range from coagulant to filter aid. It is a highly effective chemical, in granular form, for the purification of wastewater and sludge dewatering. It is composed of inorganic minerals and other proprietary compounds specially produced to absorb a wide variety of contaminants, and will encapsulate ...

Jul 01, 2012· In terms of the sludge volume index (SVI), the ratio of alum to bentonite-chitosan was found to be 3:1 which indicated that less sludge was produced by the natural coagulant. In a cost comparison between these coagulants, based on a rough estimation, bentonite-chitosan is nearly 10 times more expensive than the alum coagulant.

coagulation and flocculation removes many bacteria which ... alum) or polymers. Polymers are man-made organic compounds ... • Bentonite is a type of clay used as a weighting agent in water which would not form floc large enough to settle out of the water. The bentonite joins with …

10%· Sep 23, 2015· Coagulation–flocculation–sedimentation processes for treating three levels of bentonite synthetic turbid water using date seeds (DS) and alum (A) coagulants were investigated in the previous research work. In the current research, the same experimental results were used to adopt a new approach on a basis of using coagulation rate constant as an investigating …

using dual coagulants the inorganic coagulant dose can be reduced by 50% compared to when its used on its own. PAC AS AN EFFECTIVE COAGULANT Subsequent to the various coagulants, the advantages of using PAC over alum are, PAC works well with pH range of 6-9 where as alum works better between pH 6.5-7.6, since, PAC

Alum performed well for low concentration of oil and grease (up to 300 mg/L) and addition of Bentonite powder ensured appreciable removal efficiency for high concentration in the tune of 600 mg/L. • Ferrous sulphate is an effective coagulant for the removal of oil and grease in the range of (300 -600) mg/L, which is required in comparatively ...

Alum. One of the earliest, and still the most extensively used coagulant, is aluminum sulfate (Al/S04)3 ·14 HP), also known as alum. Alum is acidic with light tan to grey in color and available in blocks, lumps and powder with a density of 1000 -1100 kg/ m3 and specific gravity of 1.25 to 1.36. Alum can be bought in liquid form or in dry form.

coagulants; coagulation of synthetic water by plant seeds as well as coagulation of low turbidity water using bentonite have been reported in the literature [6-8]. In a study by Guida et al., (2007) alum was used as coagulant to remove COD and total suspended solids (TSS) from …

The main objective of the present study was treatment of dye waste by coagulation and flocculation with alum and clay to achieve maximum removal efficiency of color and COD. Textile mill dye waste was treated using Coagulant (Alum) with weighting agent (Bentonite clay). Wastewater samples were collected from Riba Textiles, Haryana, India.

Feb 03, 2018· Aluminium sulphate (alum), an inorganic salt, is the most widely used coagulant in wastewater treatment, due to its proven performance, cost-effectiveness and availability. However, the use of aluminium-based coagulant has become under scrutiny. Besides the large amount of sludge produced, high level of aluminium remaining in the treated water has raised concern on public health.

Jun 30, 2016· This study investigated the influence of the physico-chemical properties of methyl red (MR) and crystal violet (CV) on their removal by bentonite clay and polyaluminium chloride (PACl). Different dosages of bentonite clay, PACl and a combination of PACl and bentonite clay were applied. Dye concentration, dosage, pH and slow mixing timing were varied to find optimum removal …

CiteSeerX - Document Details (Isaac Councill, Lee Giles, Pradeep Teregowda): Abstraet--!n the electrocoagulation process a suspension of kaolinite and bentonite is coagulated by electrochemical treatment where aluminum anodes are dissolved and aluminum ions react with clay particles, forming flocs which precipitate. Several factors affecting the efficiency of electrocoagulation are investigated.

Fig. 1. Bentonite Coagulation: Minimum Concentrations of Divalent Compounds Fig. 2. Bentonite Coagulation: Minimum Concentrations op Trivalent Salt - Alum of a salt yielding a monovalent cation. In this, the third case to be considered, we recognize a new relationship between the sol and the flocculating agent, one in which the flocculation ...

The physical efficiency of a number of coagulants alum, ferrous sulfate and ferric chloride in addition to coagulation organic aids like poly ethylene glycol (PEG), polyacrylamide (PAM) and non-organic like Bentonite in removing turbidity of raw water in its high and …

Mar 31, 2020· CEE327L: Environmental Engineering II Lab. Coagulation and flocculation using aluminum sulfate--Al2(SO4)--alum. Jar test to determine optimum dose and opti...

use of a coagulant by the Romans was mentioned in ca. 77 AD. By 1757, alum was used as a coagulant in water treatment in England, and more formally for the treatment of public water supplies in 1881(Bratby, 2006). In modern water treatment, coagulation and flocculation are still essential steps in the treatment processes.

Oct 04, 2013· Chemical Formula Primary Coagulant Aluminum sulfate (Alum) Al2 (SO4)3 Ferrous sulfate FeSO4 Ferric sulfate Fe2 (SO4)3 Ferric chloride FeCl3. 8. ALUM There are a variety of primary coagulants which can be used in a water treatment plant. One of the earliest, and still the most extensively used, is aluminum sulfate, also known as alum.

At pH 3 and 4, removal of bentonite was around 89.9% and 89.6% for 0.05 mM NaHSO 4 -conditioned chitosan and 85.8% and 85.2% for unconditioned chitosan. 0.05 mM NaHSO 4 −conditioned chitosan showed slightly higher coagulation efficiency than unconditioned chitosan at pH 3 and 4, probably due to the presence of sulfate ion in the bentonite ...

L. Hecini, S. Achour, Coagulation-flocculation by aluminum sulfate of organic phenolic compounds and effect of calcium and magnesium salts, J. Water Sci., 27 (2017) 271–280. J. León-Luque, C.L. Barajas, C.A. Peña-Guzmán, Determination of the optimal dosage of aluminum sulfate in the coagulationflocculation process using an artificial ...

that bentonite can be a good adsorbent for COD removal upto 75%. Best coagulant was mixture of bentonite-zeolite which remove iron (98%) and turbidity (95%) more efficiently. Adsorption capacity has been increase with contact time. Conclusion It has been concluded that bentonite provide cheaper, safe,

Bentonite clay is used to increase surface area for adsorption and entrapment of finely divided turbidity. A polymeric coagulant is then added to complete the coagulation process. ... Color can be removed by chlorination and coagulation with aluminum or iron salts or organic polyelectrolytes. Chlorine oxidizes color compounds, while the ...

Alum can be bought in liquid form with a concentration of 8.3%, or in dry form with a concentration of 17%. When alum is added to water, it reacts with the water and results in positively charged ions. Coagulant Aids. Nearly all coagulant aids are very expensive, so care must be taken to use the proper amount of these chemicals.

Impact of Alum as a coagulation agent was studied by repeating the steps mentioned above with the use of 0.2, 0.4, and 0.5 g/l doses of Alum, separately. The third phase of experimental procedure was to study the impact of adding bentonite clay as coagulation aid with the Alum, and repeating the above sampling scenario.

Mar 22, 2015· Cationic polymer, hydroxy aluminum, and clay minerals are three flocculants with different action mechanisms and a more cost-efficient multiple flocculant can be prepared by compositing them through appropriate technology. All of attapulgite (ATP), clay minerals containing magnesium, aluminum, and silicate, are porous environmental mineral material with good absorbability and have …